Let's Talk About Guns

                                                                                                  written 5 May 2019

                                                                                             published12 May 2019

                                                                                                

            Six weeks ago, a white supremacist shot up a mosque in Christchurch, New Zealand.  A 19 year old white man in Poway, California, inspired by the Christchurch event, and influenced by hate sites on social media, decided to kill some Jews.  Two weeks ago, after easily acquiring an assault style rifle, he posted his hate manifesto, entered a synagogue and began shooting.  This was the 97th mass shooting in America in 2019: another lethal example of alienation, amplified by toxic social media, enabled by easy access to powerful weapons.

            My exposure to guns is limited.  Forty-five years ago, I walked into the Ace hardware in Fort Bragg, bought a .22 rifle and a box of cartridges and went out for target practice. A gun is a tool for extending one's will, and with any tool, practice improves skill and accuracy.  I appreciate a good tool, and enjoyed improving my skill, but noticed that after expending the entire box of shells, everything that moved looked like a tempting target.  

            I decided I didn't need that kind of tool in my life, and gave the rifle to my brother-in-law.  He is a hunter, proud that he cooks and eats what he shoots, and he enjoys feeding others. Another brother-in-law collects guns, and used to hunt.  He has accidently discharged a round from an "unloaded gun" at least twice. One of my nephews was recently shot to death, probably with his own pistol, although ballistics and gunpowder residue were not verified.  His girlfriend is now incarcerated.  A gun in the house increases the odds of gun violence, and gun suicides outnumber gun homicides.

            In 1871, the National Rifle Association (NRA) was chartered in New York as a nonprofit organization to advance marksmanship, firearm safety and competency.  The National Firearms Act of 1934, the first federal gun control legislation, was supported by the NRA, whose president Frederick testified "I don't believe in general promiscuous toting of guns.  I think it should be sharply restricted and only under licenses." During the 1970's, the NRA shifted from nonpartisan and aligned with the Republican Party.  After a contentious leadership change in 1977, it began lobbying heavily against gun restrictions, with generous funding from arms manufacturers.

            The NRA has recently suffered setbacks.  Growing public reaction to mass shootings has put the NRA on the defensive, losing support from several sporting goods chains and banks. Their political lobbying activities, prohibited by their nonprofit status, are now being investigated by New York State, which could disband the organization.  Last month, Maria Butina was sentenced to prison as an unregistered Russian agent, active in infiltrating the NRA to advance Russian interests. Butina's boss is suspected of illegally funneling money through the NRA to support the Trump campaign.  The NRA leadership is in open conflict over their advertising agency, including questionable payments, conflicts of interest, and promoting policies unrelated to NRA original values.

            The NRA argues that unfettered gun ownership is part of the second amendment of the Constitution, which reads "... the right to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed," but in 1776, "arms" were a handmade, muzzle loaded, black powder flintlock pistol or musket.  Perhaps ownership of those arms should be unfettered, but our population density is 33 times greater, and powerful modern weapons must be regulated.  Polls within the last year show that 2/3 of Americans support stricter gun laws, including background checks and mandatory waiting periods.

            Modern weapons could be treated like automobiles, another powerful, dangerous tool.  Most people have a right to own and operate a car, even multiple cars, but they are required to register them, take regular tests to prove they are safe operators, and have liability insurance to protect the larger public.  Failure to comply with these regulations mean loss of rights. In addition, guns might be required to have clear indicators of being loaded, have digital fingerprint trigger locks, and have every part etched with the gun serial number.  Ammunition might also have identification numbers on slugs and casings. 

            NRA president Frederick had it right in 1934. Promiscuous gun toting should be sharply restricted to preserve the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness for the general society.

A Fresh Perspective

                                                                                                  written 28 April 2019

                                                                                                 published 5 May 2019

                                                 

            Individuals, and cultures, operate within a story that frames perspective and shapes responses.  Changing the story, or perspective, changes the response. Picture a backyard where high fences block the view, and imagine rising up in a balloon.  The limitation of the fences fall away by adding a new dimension of awareness.  The Presencing Institute, investigating the "intersection of science, consciousness, and social change" at MIT's Sloan School of Management, recently released a paper called "Axial Shift", describing an additional perspective for examining the political, economic, and educational issues of the 21st century. The following is excerpted from that paper.

            The traditional 20th century political division of left versus right is expanded with an orthogonal axis of open versus closed. We are familiar with the closed model, now dominant in countries such as America and Brazil (although election of Trump and Bolsonaro are symptoms of the closed problem, not the cause).  "The closed model amplifies Fear (closed will), Hate (closed heart), and Ignorance (closed mind) through five behaviors: blinding (not seeing reality); de-sensing (not empathizing with others); absencing (losing the connection to one’s highest future); blaming others (an inability to reflect); and destroying (destruction of nature, relationships, and self)".

            One example is mass shootings: "not looking at the real issues, such as gun laws (blinding); not empathizing with the real victims (de-sensing); claiming that the student activists are paid actors (absencing); blaming the victims for not defending themselves (blaming others); and putting the community on a path toward civil war (self-destruction)".

            Another example is climate change: "not accepting scientific evidence (blinding); not empathizing with the increasing number of victims, particularly in the global South (de-sensing); dismantling the Environmental Protection Agency (absencing); actively undermining the credibility of climate science and climate scientists (blaming others); and pulling out of the Paris Agreement (putting civilization on a path toward self-destruction)".

            The lesser practiced open model amplifies Courage (open will), Compassion (open heart), and Curiosity (open mind) with five complementary behaviors: seeing,sensing, presencing (capacity to connect with deep sources within), crystallizing (group commitment), and co-creating.

            "Open versus closed is not new.  What’s new today are three conditions: that the issue is now playing out globally; that we have only one decade left to transform our economies and societies in line with the planetary boundaries for sustainable development; and that social media are amplifying the toxic behaviors (i.e., the cycle of absencing) on levels not seen before".

            Economic discussion traditionally focuses on growth, with debate between government intervention on one side and free market private processes on the other. But mushrooming debt limits government intervention and the 2008 crash showed limitations of the market process. The deeper question is "growth of what?"  The convenience of financial quantification made growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) easy to monitor.

But GDP measures output, not outcome, and social well-being is not the same as more goods and services.  Rising health care costs increases GDP, but reflects increased social misery, and increasing consumption on a finite planet is suicidal.  

            An alternative to the material growth paradigm is a focus on well-being for all. Some examples are Bhutan’s Gross National Happiness indicator or the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (no poverty, zero hunger, good health, quality education, gender equality, clean water and sanitation, affordable clean energy, decent work, innovative industry, reduced inequality, sustainable cities, responsible consumption, climate action, and peace).

            The old left/right discourse in education debated public versus private schools .  "The new discourse focuses on the type of learning: memorizing facts vs. whole child approaches to learning that integrates head, heart, hand.  The Montessori school system is a good example, as is the Finnish education system. Automation and the artificial intelligence revolution are already reshaping society, replacing jobs based on skills learned by memorizing figures, formulas, and facts, challenging humanity to cultivate human compassion, empathic human services, collective creativity, deep listening, generative dialogue, and collective presence."

            "The difference is not ideology, it is consciousness, the quality of how we connect: shifting from ego-system awareness to eco-system awareness, from me to we.  The Presencing Institute is an effort to transform our old civilizational structures through bridging the ecological, social, and spiritual divides."  To read the whole article, go to https://www.presencing.org/transforming-capitalism-lab/stories/axial-shift.

Trump Is Russia's Tool

                                                                                                  written 21 April 2019

                                                                                              published 28 April 2019

                                                                                                

            

            The redacted Mueller Report was released to the public last week.  Details will be coming out for weeks, and reaction may last until the 2020 election.  But one thing is already clear: Russia decided Trump was the perfect tool.

            Russian wants to destabilize America internally and reduce American global influence.  The report documents Russian interference in American elections began in 2014, long before Trump decided to run.  Once Trump declared in 2016, "the (Mueller)investigation established that the Russian government perceived it would benefit from a Trump presidency and worked to secure that outcome, and that the (Trump)campaign expected it would benefit electorally from information stolen and released through Russian efforts."  

            The report states that, within narrow definitions, there is insufficient evidence that Trump and his campaign colluded in this effort.  Given Trump's boorish, petty, narcissistic personality, unhindered by factual reality, coordinated collusion wasn't necessary. But Trump's actions since taking office have furthered Russian goals.

            Trump makes false or misleading statements every day.  In 2017, the rate was 5.9 per day, increasing in 2018 to 16.5 per day, and hit 22 per day this year.  American integrity at home and abroad has been degraded by Trump's lies.  His statements have been laughed at in world forums.

            Trump pulled out of the Paris Climate Accord, partially because Obama negotiated it, but also because he believes man made climate change is a hoax.  The rest of the world is at least looking at the issue, and making some effort.  Rather than leading on this critical issue, America under Trump is completely obstructionist: not interested in helping save the planet.  

            Instead, Trump is making America less competitive globally.  By kill domestic renewable energy growth and diverting large sums to subside uneconomical power technologies like coal and nuclear, domestic energy prices increase, putting our industry at a disadvantage.  Removing regulatory inspections necessary to insure aging nuclear reactor safety risks Fukushima style devastation.  Rolling back auto emission standards stalls domestic electric vehicle development, stunting our auto industry as the rest of the world moves away from fossil fuel transportation.  In 2018, the scientific community said we have 12 years to cut emission in half if we want a chance for a habitable climate for our grandchildren. Trump is wasting precious time, earning the disgust of the rest of the world.

            American standard of living rests on robust trade around the world.  Trump's unilateral tariff war with not only China, but also Europe, Canada, and Mexico, has disrupted global trade, raising prices at home, bankrupting businesses and farmers.  Our trading partners no longer trust America to honor its agreements.  

            While American military expenditures make up almost half the global total, we are in alliance with other nations for mutual defense.  One of the primary Russian goals is the destruction of NATO. Trump's has repeatedly denigrated that alliance and threatened to pull out, thus weakening it.  He has also considered pulling out of an alliance with South Korea, despite American national security advantages.  Trump's unilateral security decisions, such as pulling out of Syria and then changing his mind, or reneging on the Iranian nuclear deal, have made our allies very nervous.  America under Trump is no longer a trustworthy ally, and can't be counted upon, which benefits Russia.  

            At home, Trump has nourished discord.  He demonizes any press that doesn't flatter him, let alone questions him.  White Nationalist terrorism has increased wherever Trump holds rallies, yet he has disbanded the Homeland Security Domestic Terrorism Intelligence unit.  He has hollowed out the function of government, leaving senior posts unfilled, making temporary appointments to avoid Senate confirmation, or leaves positions empty to reduce agency effectiveness.  His tax cut benefited the very wealthy and increased the national debt, leaving America more vulnerable to foreign investors.  His attack on health care hurts millions of working Americans while providing no alternative.  Despite intelligence assessments that showed Russia affected the 2016 election, Trump accepted Putin's assurance that Russia was not involved.

            Trump's actions have weakened America.  He may not be colluding with Russia, but the results are the same.  At some point Republican leaders need to decide: will they honor their oath of office and support America, or the corrupt cult of Trump.

Can You Imagine?

                                                                                                  written 14 April 2019

                                                                                               published 21 April 2019

            

            Imagine an organization that freely provides nourishing food to every one of its members, along with water, waste disposal, health care, and high-speed communication. Everyone receives energy supplies and resources for a meaningful job, suited to their talents and skills, including ten times as many foreigners, who provide essential services.  No one is valued more highly than another, even if their job is more central to the core of the organization, for the fate of each individual determines the fate of the entire organization.

            This might sound like utopian socialist fantasy, but these organizations have existed for 600 million years.  You inhabit one right now, a multi-celled organism, the most recent biological expression of the power of cooperation over competition.  Life on Earth trends toward increased complexity and scale of cooperative structures.  Human society needs to follow a similar trajectory.

            From a unity perspective, the root of human dysfunctions is conflict between the illusion of an autonomous individual and the reality that we arise from the same basic source: exclusive competition versus inclusive cooperation. For the last few millennia humans have prioritized competition, distracted by a left-brain bias toward differences.  Our economy profits from killing people and the planet, ignoring that life is massively cooperative, even between apparent individuals.  

            Successive empires, oppression by class, race, religion or gender, and endless wars, including the consumptive war on finite planetary resources, have failed to bring enduring peace and prosperity.  Designers know that life has already solved most of the problems that confront humanity, and we can benefit from that wisdom by the practice of biomimicry. A convergence of lethal crises is now demanding we apply biomimicry thinking at the level of global civilization. 

            Beginning in Europe 500 years ago, capitalist economic theory, based on the fallacy of exclusive gain, has grown to dominate the world, with financial crashes and misery increasing over time.  The crash of 1929 was so destructive that socialist, cooperative limits were able to prevail, generating 40 years of relative economic stability, primarily benefiting America.  As the world recovered from WWII and corporations grew from national to international, the lure of exclusive gain by a global elite eventually prevailed.  The economy was de-regulated, unsustainable debt and income inequity exploded, and economic crashes around the globe became more frequent every decade.  

            The crash of 2008 almost froze the global banking system, averted only by a massive infusion of public money from the US Federal Reserve.  Rather than acknowledging the failure of free market capitalism, the system doubled down, demanding privatization of public systems and ruinous austerity of targeted populations.  This fueled Brexit, the rise of extremist movements in Italy, Sweden, France and Germany, and the election of proto-fascists like Trump and others in Hungry, the Philippines, and Brazil.  A decade later, the same banking system still runs the show.  Wealth inequity and global debt are even larger and more unsustainable, European unity is at risk, and the US, no longer a credible global leader, will not be able to fund another miracle rescue.

            While the global economic system staggers toward the cliff, our energy system is running on fumes.  Centuries of industrial development now demands a torrent of finite fossil fuel every day, and the sources are beginning to fail.  Massive debt investment allows the system to continue working, but we know the economy can seize up without notice.

            Include the fact that climate change threatens near term human extinction, and we see that we truly are all in this together, whether we like it or not.  If civilization doesn't work to nourish all the parts, including non-human members, everyone stands to lose: no elite exceptions or rich, white man, discounts.  The sooner we recognize this, the better. 

            Everyone is a co-creator in this situation, because the illusion of separation is a mindset residing within each of us.  Despite what we were taught, expecting exclusive gain in a unity reality is childish fantasy, potentially lethal, and no longer functional.  Humans are too numerous and too powerful for that. 

            If we expect to survive much longer, we must do better.  The good news is that life knows how, and we are still part of life, if we pay attention.  Can you imagine?

Economic Reasons For Fossil Fuel Divestment

                                                                                                  written 7 April 2019

                                                                                            published 14 April 2019

                                                                                                

             

            The quantity of global capital has grown since the 60's, and deregulation has accelerated its flow around the world with destabilizing results.  Unregulated global capital flow is like a loose cannon on the deck of a ship, rolling out of control as the ship moves, creating destruction as it crashes to a halt.  Always chasing the greatest return on investment, money can rush into a regional economy, raising prices, displacing local investors, leaving devastation behind when it retreats.  Like a flock of pigeons, a simple event can cause economic panic such as in Southeast Asia in the late 90's. 

            Investing is a confidence game, in both senses of the word: trust and swindle. To evaluate the worth of a project, an investor must trust they are getting good and complete information. The swindle comes if the information is false, incomplete, or if changing conditions are kept hidden.  In a dynamic economic environment, if an investor waits too long, the value of their asset may disappear completely.  Being one of the first to make an investment move can avoid economic loss when everyone tries to sell into a market with few buyers.

            Fossil fuel stocks have appeared to be solid investments for decades, but the world is changing.  Coal powered the rise of the British Empire, and still fuels 30% of the planet.  But coal is less energy efficient or versatile than other fossil fuels, and has costly air and water pollution problems, so it is economically disadvantaged in the current marketplace, bankrupting investors.

            Oil powered the rise of the American Empire, and still fuels 33% of the planet. Increasing demand drove a global search for new oil fields, but discoveries peaked in the 1960's.  The Mexican Cantarell field, discovered in 1976, is the last new reserve producing over a million barrels a day.  The average age of the 19 largest fields of conventional oil is almost 70 years.  Depletion of these fields, with nothing to replace them, has driven production to more expensive unconventional sources: fracking, deep water, and tar sands. The major oil companies have cut back on further exploration as being too expensive, and the Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund, which was founded on North Sea oil, recently decided to completely divest from any further oil or gas exploration.  

            Domestic conventional oil production peaked in 1972, however, massive investment in fracking over the last decade made America the world production leader in in 2018.  But fracking is a tertiary recovery method, literally scraping the bottom of the barrel. The oil is there, but the extraction costs in energy and money are huge.  Profitability is affected by how long any given well produces, and at what rate. Conventional wells can produce for decades, declining a few percent per year, but fracked wells decline as rapidly as 30% to 50% per year.  New wells have to be drill every year just to keep up with current production, and the best spots are already developed.  

            In the last decade, the industry lost over $250 billion, and the oil prices needed for fracking profitability would crash the economy.  Investors keep pouring money into the industry, hoping the economics will mature and turn around, but the energy return on energy invested is about 5:1, lower than a firewood economy.  Eventually investors will abandon delusional thinking, and the rush to a better return on investment could abruptly bankrupting the industry.

            Renewable power generation, currently 2% globally, is expanding more rapidly than any other source.  Twice as many Americans work in renewable energy (wind and solar) than coal, oil and natural gas combined.  Solar panel prices dropped a factor of 15 in the last decade, and grid scale renewable production, combined with storage, is becoming cost competitive with even gas fired turbines.  

            Renewables have another advantage: free energy.  The hardware investment is a fixed cost, which harvests free existing energy for the life of the equipment.  Inflation proof power is something no fossil fuel can deliver.  Fossil fuels are doomed by economic fundamentals to fail in the marketplace.  If we also consider the economic advantage of having a habitable climate for our grandchildren, renewables are a slam dunk.

            Divest now, and avoid the rush.

  

The Danger Of Corporate Self-Regulation

                                                                                                written 31 March 2019

                                                                                                published 7 April 2019

                                                                                                

            Advocates of the "free market" believe that personal selfishness will assure that no "bad" things will happen.  This magical thinking ignores the flawed economics of externalized costs.  Since money is the only way to keep score in capitalism, avoiding a cost increases my gain.  I can reduce costs by throwing my trash into your backyard, forcing you to pay for cleanup. While this is a simple example, the same process takes place on more subtle levels.

            For instance, when corn is stored, it attracts rodents, which poop in the corn. It costs money to make corn storage completely rodent proof, reducing profits, even though nobody wants to eat rodent excrement in their cornflakes.  Rather than spend the money on rodent control, corporations convince the government to regulate how much poop should be allowed, defining a "safe" level.  A board is appointed to set regulations and inspections, assuring no more than the allowed level of feces shows up in our cornflakes.  Industry then lobbies to have a say in who gets appointed to the board. This is the essence of "regulatory capture", where industry protects profits by influencing the selection of the regulators and inspectors.  As a bonus, since the regulations now define a "safe" level, there is no reason to disclose the fact there is rodent excrement in our food.  What we don't know can't hurt corporate profits.

            While rodent dung in my breakfast is unpleasant to think about, it probably won't kill me.  However, regulatory capture affects more lethal issues, such as chemical contamination of our air, water and soil, or structural design of infrastructure and buildings.  History has shown the selfishness fundamental to capitalist theory can lead to critical cost cutting with lethal consequences.  We are currently witnessing a new aspect to this problem.  In addition to decades of "free market" pressure to eliminate regulations, there has been concerted effort to underfund the agencies tasked with enforcing what regulations remain.  

            Consider the case of the recent crash of two Boeing 737 Max 8, which killed 346 people.  To compete against the new Airbus A320, Boeing decided to upgrade the 737, first introduced in 1967, rather than incurring the time and expense required to design an entirely new plane.  However, installing new energy efficient engines required shifting the wings forward, which changed the flight characteristics.  Being a modern plane, it is very computer intensive and required extensive software development as well. 

            The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is tasked with regulating the aircraft industry to insure aircraft safety.  However, repeated Republican Congressional budget cuts to the agency mean there aren't enough inspectors to handle the load.  The FAA trusted Boeing to be thorough in their own inspection and "self-regulate".  While no Boeing engineer or inspector would want to risk the company by putting out a flawed product, there is an inherent conflict between safety and costs.  For instance, the time frame generated by management sales goals is different from the time needed for complete testing.  Crash investigation is ongoing, but Boeing has already released a software upgrade, suggesting problems there, and the FCC is re-examining their "self-regulation" policy.

            A similar move to allow "self-regulation" in the nuclear power industry is an even bigger threat to society.   There are currently 99 reactors operating in the US.  Because the US was the first to build nuclear reactors, our fleet is aging.  All but five are more than 30 years old, and 49 are more than 40 years old, operating beyond their original design life.  Prolonged exposure to extreme radioactivity causes embrittlement, a weakening of materials, requiring more frequent inspections of older reactors to insure safety. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is tasked with regulating nuclear power, but budget cuts have reduced their inspectors as well.  Because nuclear power is so expensive, it is no longer competitive in the marketplace and the industry is in economic distress. To save money, the industry is asking that the NRC cut back on the number of formal inspections required, and to trust operators to do their own inspections.  Will it take a Fukushima style reactor failure to get NRC attention?

            For corporate profits, self-regulation is even better than regulatory capture. What could possibly go wrong?

The Depth Of Republican Loyalty

                                                                                                written 24 March 2019

                                                                                            published 31 March 2019

                                                                                                

            Republicans used to stand for something.  Though I have always voted Democratic, I share Republican pride in American democracy, and the principles of personal responsibility and basic conservatism, as it applies to conserving real values.

            The first Republican president in my life was Eisenhower, who fought against white supremacists and led American to victory over Nazi fascism.  He created the Federal Highway System, the largest socialist infrastructure investment of its time, and warned about the increasing power of the corporate "military industrial complex", though he was ignored.  

            The next Republican president was Nixon, who opened relations with China, signed the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with the Soviet Union, and oversaw the final retreat from Vietnam, ending that war.  He enforced desegregation of Southern schools and founded the Environmental Protection Agency, a model for other nations.  However, he was a flawed man: the only president to resign to avoid being impeached.  

            By 1980, the American economy had peaked.  Corporate concentration of wealth and power, which Eisenhower warned against, had become the foundation of the Republican party.  Laws supporting the environment, public health, responsible banking, and social justice, became "job killing regulations" to be repealed for corporate profits.  Foreign diplomacy shifted from the State Department to the Pentagon.  Taxes and social services were cut and the military budget expanded.  The traditional Republican concerns for fiscal responsibility and low Federal deficits were abandoned, and the debt grew by 400%, under presidents Reagan and Bush, the elder.

            President Bush, the younger, took office without winning the popular vote: the first president in 112 years.  Corporate interests were fundamental to his administration, primarily administered by the autocratic vice president Cheney.  The longest war in US history was begun, among others.  Although there were no real victories, corporate profits flourished, and the deficit increased by another 250%.  The administration ended with the largest financial collapse since the Depression, caused by the deregulated financial sector.

            Today we are experiencing the administration of president Trump, the next Republican who lost the popular vote.  While Trump has continued the tradition of placing corporate leaders in positions of power over their own industries, he seems less concerned about how competent they are, as his turnover rate is larger than any administration in modern history.  The corporate benefits of regulatory rollback are more blatant, sacrificing public, fiscal, and environmental health.  

            More than any other president, he has worked the system for his own personal gain and aggrandizement.  He refused to divest himself from his more than 500 corporations, and is being investigated for violating the emoluments clause in the Constitution which prohibits the corruption of personal financial gain from public office.  As the House investigates, it appears Trump's Ponzi financed empire has been subsidized by foreign agents and governments for years, compromising his loyalties.  People on his team have already been indicted and sentenced for being unregistered foreign agents.  Members of his family were placed in sensitive positions over the objection of security officials and he supports foreign dictators over American intelligence information.  He embodies the worst aspects of a tyrant, creating enemies lists and denigrating any press not laudatory to himself.  

            Through all this, the leaders of the Republican party give unwavering support. Misogyny, racism, white nationalist terrorism, destruction of a free press: none of that seems important. Trump recently threatened armed insurrection, claiming he "has the support of the police, and the military and the Bikers for Trump" who are "tough people" and after a "certain point it would go very bad".  Even declaration of a national emergency to subvert the will of Congress, a declaration he admits he didn't have to make, gets a Republican pass. Their only goal seems to be remaining in power, without concern for what values they sacrifice.  

            Loyalty is an honorable trait, but it is important to choose where you put loyalty.  Mendocino County hosted another group loyal to their leader.  Peoples Temple was founded with good goals and a strong leader. But Jim Jones was primarily self-serving, and violated his follower's trust.  He was crazy with paranoid thoughts, seeing enemies everywhere and punishing defectors.  Group loyalty led the loyal to drink cyanide in mass suicide.

            Is that the depth of Republican loyalty?